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Governance(Level 3)

Module 1(a)

What is Governance?

  • Governance is the manner in which a government is manage, organized and controlled.
  • Governance can further be defined as the connections and interaction between national, provincial and local authorities and the public they serve.

    • Functions of Governance.

  • The maintenance of law and order.
  • The Defence of society against external enemies.
  • The advancement of what can be said to be the welfare of the group, community, society or state.

    • What does the legislature consist of?

  • The National Assembly.
  • The National Council of Provinces (NCOP).

    • Executive council.

  • Its the government of the day and which performs the governing functions. It is made up of the executive institutions.

    • The modern sources of democratic government.

  • The concept of rule by the people.
  • A republican tradition derived from Rome and the Italian city-states of the Middle Ages and Renaissance.
  • The idea and institutions of representative government.
  • The logic of political equality.

    • From participatory democracy to representative democracy.

  • The system of government that emerged was ‘representative government’.
  • Citizens elect representatives to govern on their behalf.
  • Periodic elections were instituted where the voters could endorse or reject the actions of the elected representative.

    • Constitutionalism.

  • Constitutionalism is found in the modern democracy.
  • Ensures that power remains with the community to control its elected representatives.
  • The constitution sets out the powers and duties of the authorities, and allocates certain powers to particular government institutions.

    • The three main powers of government are as follows.

  • Executive.
  • Judiciary.
  • Legislature.

    • The functions of each of the three powers.

  • The Legislative authority makes, amends and repeals laws.
  • The executive authority carries out, implements and enforces the laws.
  • The judicial authority considers any matter that is in dispute and determines how the law should be applied to resolve the dispute.

    • The main purpose of the separation of powers.

  • To prevent one branch of government from exercising an ultimate power that would enable it to take over the functions of the other divisions.

    • The 1996 Constitution states that legislative authority is defined as follows.

  • The National sphere of government is vested in Parliament.
  • The Provincial sphere of government is vested in the provincial legislature.
  • The local sphere of government is vested in the municipal councils.

    • Module 1(b)

    The local sphere of government is vested in the municipal councils.

  • To interact and work together to achieve the goals of government.
  • This mission statement focus on what you want to be (character), what you want to do (contribution and achievement).
  • Intergovernmental relation can be vertical, horizontal or diagonal.

    • Vertical intergovernmental relation:

  • Occurs between levels of governments and their organs within a line of authority or a function.

    • Horizontal intergovernmental relations:

  • Occurs between governments and their organs at the same level or in the same sphere.

    • Diagonal intergovernmental relations:

  • Occurs between governments at different levels across lines of authority or functions.

    • Diagonal intergovernmental relations:

  • Occurs between governments at different levels across lines of authority or functions.

    • Module 2

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